|
Latin name for a tropical plant which in Thai is called bon. Latin. Large tree with tassel like white pink flowers that grow on top of the branches, giving the plant the epithet pink tassel-flower. It also exists as a plant and small tree. Originally from the North of South America. This tree is the symbol of Chulalongkorn University, because ...for more order our CDrom...
Thailand's neighbouring country to the East, roughly between Vietnam and Laos, bordering the Gulf of Thailand. The official name is Kingdom of Cambodia and the capital is Phnom Penh. Its covers a land area of 181,040 km² and has a total of 2,572 km of boundaries with Laos, Vietnam and Thailand. Its coastline is 443 km long and its highest point is Phnum Aoral, with an altitude of 1,810 meter. Natural resources are timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese and phosphates. The currency is the 'riel'. It has a population of just over 13 million, of which 90% are Khmer, the rest Vietnamese, Chinese and others. With 95% the majority of the people are Theravada Buddhist. The official language is Khmer but also French and English are spoken. Following a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns. Over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off almost 20 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and ...for more order our CDrom...
Indonesian. General term for all ancient temples, both of Hindu and Buddhist. See Prambanan. See Wax Candle Festival. Epithet for the sala tree, from its large cannonball like seeds.
Architectural term for the uppermost, usually decorated part of a column, pillar or pilaster. See also cornice. East Indian tame buffalo or water buffalo. In Thai also kwai and krabeua.
Fruit of a tree with the scientific name anacardium occidentale. The shape of the cashew nut (fig.) resembles that of a mango, resulting in the Thai name ma muang himaphan, the Himaphan 'mango'. A cashew nut tree bears its nuts at the far end of an edible 'fruit' that resembles the rose apple (fig.). Although edible this 'fruit' is seldom consumed. Cashew nut shells contain urushiol, a toxin that may cause skin irritation and which must be removed by shelling the nuts before the seed inside is processed for consumption. This is done one by one with a large nutcracker (fig.), a slow, laborious and, because of the toxin, a somewhat hazardous process, hence its relatively high price. Afterwards the nuts are cooked, ...for more order our CDrom...
Starch from the thickened root of the manioc. Also tapioca. In Thai paengman. See manioc. Cayenne pepper or red pepper. Also named chili pepper and Spanish pepper. It is a popular spice used as an ingredient in many a Thai dish and Thai curries are made of chili paste (fig.) mixed with coconut milk. In Thai prik pon.
Earthenware with a blue-green to gray glaze, named after L'Astrée, a shepherd in the 1610 play by Honoré d'Urfé, who wore a green cloak with grey-green ribbons. Its colour is usually green and sometimes blue, but the hue may vary from pale to dark depending on the clay used, the glaze, and the temperature in the kiln. Modern celadon's finishing is finer (fig.), but the name is also often misused for pottery with a chemical glaze in which copper or lead are used. Originally it was produced in China where it was called 'green-wares', and later in other countries, including Thailand, where it first existed as a specialty of Sawankhalok, and in the beginning of the 20th century it was reintroduced by the Shan from Burma. Since celadon glaze is hard to control as it melts at a critical point under extreme temperatures, it was often not completely applied to the base ...for more order our CDrom...
Sanskrit. Temple chamber housing the image or symbol of a god. Monument for someone who is buried elsewhere. 1. Sanskrit. An assembly hall for meditation and teaching. Originally an apsidal hall housing a stupa, or a funerary mound enshrining sacred relics of the Buddha, or objects used by him. It is another spelling for chaitya, meaning 'sanctuary'. The precursor of the Thai chedi. 2. Sanskrit. A particular style of arch and window construction as found in early cave temples in India. Old name for modern Sri Lanka. Thai-Chinese. 'Tea'. Name of a small tree of which its dried leafs are soaked in hot water to make the beverage tea. Tea can be cultivated in humid warm to hot climate, and at a height of 1,000-2,000 meters. In the hills and mountains of northern Thailand conditions for cultivating tea (fig.) are especially suitable. In the province of Chiang Rai the area around Doi Mae Salong (1,350 meters) has many tea plantations, as well as factories and tea shops. With Chinese people tea is always used to welcome guests in one's home. A cup of tea would be filled for only seven-tenths of its capacity, believing that the other thirty percent will be filled with friendship and affection. The English word 'tea' allegedly derives from the Hokian language spoken in the Chinese precinct of Fugian, where the locals called it 'thee'. Early Dutch traders who exported the dried leafs to Europe also called it 'thee', where it spread and became known by this name. Having the same pronounciation as the Dutch letter 't', the word 'thee' translated into English as 'tea' (t), hence its etymology. In Thai and Chinese it is called 'cha', a word that possibly comes from ancient Central Chinese, where it was earlier called 'sha', a word meaning 'to look for' or 'to check' and referring to the early beginning when people still had to look for the leafs in the forest. This then later changed ...for more order our CDrom...
See cham. The capital of Chachengsao province (map) in East Thailand, 82 kms to the East of Bangkok, situated on the banks of the Bang Pakong river, which divides the city in two. The main attraction is the Sothon Wararam Worawihaan temple (fig.) with the Sothon Buddha image, one of the most sacred images in the country and associated with the notorious Luang Po Sothon, a Phra saksit. This monk predicted the exact time of his own death, to which thousands of spectators flocked to the temple to watch him die, seated in the dhyani meditation pose. The city is also called Paet Riw. The region is known ...for more order our CDrom...
See Chachengsao. chadah (ชฎา) Thai. Golden conical shaped ornamented crown, as worn by Thai monarchs and the royal characters in classical khon performances. Compare with radklao.
chadok (ชาดก) Sanskrit-Pali-Thai. One of the in total 550 incarnations that every soul needs to take before it is able to be born as a buddha. Generally it stands for the life stories of the Buddha. In Thai tradition the last ten incarnations of the Buddha are the most important and are called Totsachat. See also jataka. chae im (แช่อิ่ม) Thai. General name for a method used to preserve fruits in syrup, or for the preserved fruits themselves, if prepared in this manner.
Province and provincial capital in Central Thailand (map), 194 kms to the North of Bangkok with approximately 30,000 inhabitants. The region is known for the Chao Phraya dam, Thailand's first large water dam, completed in 1957 (fig.). Historically Chainat is known as the region where in 1776 king Taksin defeated the last Burmese troops, leading to the total liberation of ...for more order our CDrom...
See cetiya. Chaiya (ไชยา) One of the oldest and historically most significant settlements in southern Thailand where a number of sculptures dating from the Srivijaya period (7th -13th century) were found, many showing Mon and Indian influences. As a port Chaiya played an important role in the trade between the peninsula, India and China. The ...for more order our CDrom...
Thai. 'Field of victory'. The capital of Chaiyaphum province (map) in Isaan with around 25,000 inhabitants and 342 kms Northeast of Bangkok. The name refers to the natural richness and fertility of the soil. The province has 15 amphur and one king amphur.
chakra (จักร) 1. Sanskrit-Thai. 'Disc', one of the attributes of the Hindu god Vishnu. In the Ramakien the chakra is incarnated by Phra Phrot.
2. Sanskrit for 'wheel', representing the Buddhist Wheel of Law, symbol of the setting in motion of the Buddhist doctrine when the Buddha gave his first sermon, and symbol of the eternal cycle of birth, death and rebirth. One of the marks of an enlightened being. 3. Sanskrit. Center of spiritual energy in the body and symbol of the sun. Thai. Term for an emperor. Usually in combination with the prefix Phra Chao. Sanskrit. 'Universal monarch'. Indian royal term used for the Buddha as the spiritual ruler of the universe. Chakri (จักรี) The dynasty that has reigned in Thailand since 1782 and was founded by general Chao Phya Chakri who was crowned king Phra Phutta Yotfa Chulalok, known to westerners as king Yot Fa. During the reign of king Phra Nang Klao, the third king in the dynasty, a new royal title system was established giving all the kings the crown title of Rama. His predecessors were posthumously given the titles Rama I and Rama II, whilst taking the title Rama III for himself. All successive kings of the dynasty have since ruled with the crown title Rama, including the present king, Rama IX. With Rama being the seventh avatara of the powerful Hindu god Vishnu, the preserver of the universe, the link can be seen to the Thai monarch as the preserver of the nation. The Thai royal emblem is likewise the mythical bird Garuda, the vehicle of Vishnu. Note that there have been nine avataras ...for more order our CDrom...
Thai public holiday on April 6, on which Phra Phutta Yotfa Chulalok, the founder of the Chakri dynasty is remembered. In Thai Wan Chakri. The largest of the palace buildings of Phra Rachawang, the Grand Palace. It was designed by the British architect John Chinitz and shows a combination of Thai and European style architecture. The central mondop-like multi-tiered spire on the roof enshrines the ashes of each of the kings of the Chakri dynasty whereas the flanking spires house the ashes of princes who ...for more order our CDrom... Thai for 'flying a kite', 'kite flying'. See talaew. Name of a crocodile in the Thai classical story Kraithong. Also Chalawankumphih. Chalawankumphih (ชาละวันกุมภีล์) See Chalawan. Thai. A small round basket made of bamboo strips with at the top several strips for tying the basket shut. It is used to vend bulked food in at markets. Nationwide, vendors at natural hot springs sell quail's and chicken's eggs in them, to enable visitors to easily cook them.
chalong phra baht (ฉลองพระบาท) 1. Rajasap. Footwear for a king. 2. Thai. Footwear in the form of golden sandals which are a part of the Thai royal regalia or kakuttapan.
Thai. Bowl or rice bowl, or a deep plate. Also written chaam. 1. The inhabitants of central and southern Vietnam since ancient times, probably of Indonesian origin. They founded the Indianized coastal kingdom of Champa and produced a unique style of architecture and sculpture, known as Cham art. 2. Art style with a unique genre of architecture and sculpture between the 7th and 17th centuries AD, made by the Cham people of Champa. Chamadevi (จามเทวี) Thai. Name for Chamadevi of Lopburi,
r
Sanskrit. 'Yak tail'. A whisk or fan made from the hairs of a yak's tail. It is a symbol of kingship and the attribute of several gods from Buddhism, Hinduism and Taoism. In Thailand it is one object of the padwaanlawichanih (fig.) a part of the royal regalia, called kakuttapan. In Thai jamajurih. Name of a small tropical lizard that is able to change colour according to its surroundings, for camouflage or when offended. The word chameleon is derived from Greek and means ground-lion. Its scientific name is colotes and it belongs to the family of agamidae. It has a long body and tail, four legs, and a rough scaly hide. In former days it ...for more order our CDrom...
See phumriang. An early Indianized kingdom in the coastal areas of central and southern Vietnam, existing from the 2nd to the 15th centuries AD and inhabited by the Cham. It was briefly annexed and controlled by the Khmer between 1181 to 1220, then gradually absorbed by the Vietnamese from the late 10th to 17th centuries AD. There are important archeological Cham sites in the region of present day Danang, Vietnam. Thai. A species of jackfruit, genus artocarpus. The fruit is comparable to the breadfruit and the kanun. Its fruiting season is from May to November. Laotian-Thai. Former capital of the Cham in present southern Laos. Also Cyambo. Sanskrit. The goddess of death and destruction, one of the malicious aspects of Devi, the consort of the Hindu god Shiva. Thai.
Name of one of the famous
See Thep Krasatri. Sanskrit. 'Eagle'. A symbol of Vajrayana Buddhism. Sanskrit. Siddhartha's servant who initially accompanied him during the Great Departure. MORE ON THIS. Sanskrit. 'Cruel'. One of the fierce forms of Devi. Sanskrit. The Hindu moon god. Discovered the deceit by the demon Rahu during the distribution of the amrita, together with Surya, the god of the sun. They reported this to Vishnu, who immediately cut the demon in half with his disc. However, the amrita taken by Rahu already had its effect and both parts lived on separately. Since Rahu never forgot the betrayal by the sun and moon, he now chases them alternately with his mouth wide open, and ...for more order our CDrom... Sanskrit. The gleaming scimitar that Ravana received from Shiva as a favour. Thai for 'elephant'. See Asian Elephant. 1. Thai. 'Water elephant'. Mythological animal with the characteristics of both elephant and fish.
2. Thai. 'Water elephant'. Thai name for a hippopotamus. Thai for white elephant. See also Thahng Chang Peuak. Thai. 'First Elephant'. The Elephant of State on which the kings formerly rode during state ceremonies. 1. Thai for gibbon. In this context the word is also used derogatory for women, since the gibbon call sounds like 'phua', the Thai word for husband, thus indicating a gibbon sounds like a woman who is calling for her husband. 2. Thai. A kind of durian. Sanskrit. The male servant of prince Siddhartha, the historical Buddha. Thai. 'Matriarch' or 'mother'. Thai name for the mother of a king, or for a noble widow. Her full title is Somdet Phra Borom Raja Channanie or Somdet Phra Pan Pie Luang. See also chanok. Also pronounced Chonnanie.
1. Rajasap. 'Patriarch' or 'father'. Thai name for the father of a king. His full title is Somdet Phra Borom Raja Chanok. See also channanie.
2. Rajasap. Name of the second incarnation of the Buddha in the Totsachat-stories, before his Enlightenment when he was still a bodhisattva. Thai. 'City of the moon', 'moon town'. The capital of Chanthaburi province (map) in East Thailand, 245 kms Southeast of Bangkok, and with a population of approximately 40,000. Like Trat, the city is known for the trade in sapphires and rubies and for the nearby mining of these gemstones. The province is the country's main production centre for dried rice noodles and it is the place where general Taksin formed an army to drive away the Burmese after they had conquered and destroyed Ayutthaya in 1767, causing its definitive downfall. This event is remembered in the town by a monument in King Taksin Park (fig.). The province also has several national parks, the more popular being Nahm Tok Phliw National Park (fig.). The ...for more order our CDrom...
1. Thai. A title denoting greatness, used for royalty, princes, lords, potentates and rulers in Thailand and Laos, like in Chaochai (prince), Chaoying (princess) and Chao Phrya (nobleman of the highest rank). 2. A Thai pronoun in the second person, nowadays used only when speaking to an inferior, equivalent to you. In obsolete or poetic usage, it is equivalent to 'thou' or 'thee', used especially when talking to one's wife. 3. A Thai pronoun in the third person, in obsolete or poetic usage, especially when referring to a woman, equivalent to 'she' or 'her'. 4. A term of assent used by women in northern Thailand to address an equal. It is a polite term identical to the central Thai word 'kha' used by women and 'khrab' used by men to express agreement or added to a phrase in order to show good manners. Thai for 'prince'. Thai. 'Lord of Life'. Title formerly used for a sovereign, especially during the Ayutthaya period until the beginning of the Rattanakosin period. Thai. Housemaster. A priest who has charge of the monks in a temple building or a portion of a monastery. Chao Kawila (เจ้ากาวิละ) Thai. Ruler of Lampang and Chiang Mai in the beginning of the Chakri dynasty.
Thai term for the once nomadic sea gypsies who have a long history in Southern Thailand and are believed to be the first settlers in Koh Lanta and other islands of the Andaman Sea. They are ethnically separated from Southern Thais and have their own language and customs. The sea gypsy people support their families through the fishing trade, which has always been the mainstay of their livelihoods. Structural changes in the modern world and loss of fishing ground due to general development have made their way of life increasingly difficult and has put a strain on their unique culture. During full moon of the 6th and 11th months in the lunar calendar the sea gypsies perform a ceremony to bring prosperity and happiness in the forthcoming year. They build a two meter wooden boat, fill it with ...for more order our CDrom... See Chao Phrya. See Chao Phrya. 1. A Thai 'nobleman of the highest rank', a title conferred by former kings. Also transcribed Chao Phya, Chao Phaya and Chao Phraya.
2. Thai. Name of the Chao Phrya river, Thailand's most important waterway that flows through Bangkok and is formed by the confluence of four rivers near the city of Nakhon Sawan, namely the Ping, Wang, Yom and Nan and ends in the Gulf of Thailand near Samut Prakan, otherwise known as Meuang Pahk Nahm, the city at the estuary (fig.). Also transcribed Chao Phya, Chao Phaya and Chao Phraya.
See Chao Phrya. Thai for 'princess'. chappannarangsie (ฉัพพรรณรังสี) 1. Thai. Aureole, nimbus or halo. Also radsamie.
2. Thai. Star with six rays or points. Belgian pilot who in January 1911 brought aviation to Thailand by carrying out the first flight in the Kingdom with his aircraft the Farman.
1. Thai for chattra. 2. Thai. The wide rim of a gong or kong from which it is suspended. Sanskrit. Multi-layered umbrella held over an honoured figure, usually as a symbol of royalty or honour. It sometimes crowns the mast of a Buddhist stupa or chedi (fig.), and in North Thailand is often seen on the roofs of temple buildings, usually in the middle (fig.). In Thai chat or shat. See also noppapadon.
Thai. 'Quadric circle'. Name of a district in northern Bangkok which has a park and popular weekend market of the same name. These are both situated in between the old and new Mo Chit bus terminals. The park is built on a plot of land donated by the State Railway of Thailand to king Bhumipon on the occasion of his fourth-cycle (48th) birthday on 5 December 1975. The king named the site Chatuchak Park on 8 January 1976 and the park was officially opened on 4 December 1980. It features floral plants, herbal plants, several species of palm trees, a multipurpose ground and the six-country ASEAN Sculpture. There is also a health park built in honor of princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn on her third-cycle (36th) birthday. The park is also used as a site for staging public events by ...for more order our CDrom... chedi (เจดีย์) Thai. A bell shaped monument erected to house a holy statue or an object of a prominent person, such as the ashes of important monks and royalty, or relics of the Buddha. In Thailand they are called phra chedi and are most commonly used as a relic shrine. The bell shaped chedi is a copy of the Indian stupa or cetiya, in Burma known as zedi or pagode, in Vietnam as chua, in Tibet as chorten, and in Sri Lanka called dagoba. Its typical bell shape (fig.) probably developed from a chattra (fig.), the multi-layered umbrella carried for royalty as a symbol of their dignity as can be seen above some Buddha images today. Plausibly the chattra was initially placed on top of the grave of a deceased member of royalty thus initiating the idea to later replace this rather fragile mausoleum ...for more order our CDrom...
Chinese name for a state in Cambodia that existed between the 6th and 8th centuries AD. Northern Thai dialect for Chiang Rai. The capital of Chiang Mai province (map) in North Thailand (fig.), situated near the banks of the Ping river at around 745 km North of Bangkok and at an altitude of approximately 310 meters above sea level. It has a population of approximately 168,000 inhabitants. Its former name was Nopburi Sri Nakhon Phing. The province covers an area of 20,107 km² and has 22 amphur and two king amphur. Its places of interest include Thailand's highest mountain Doi Inthanon and the famous Buddhist temple Wat Doi Suthep (fig.). The province is home to several hill tribe peoples and is bordered by Burma in the North, Chiang Rai in the Northeast, Lamphun and Lampang in the East, Tak in the South and Mae Hong Son in the West. Its main ...for more order our CDrom...
Province and provincial capital (map) in North Thailand. The city lies on the southern bank of the Kok river, at 829 kms North of Bangkok and 185 kms from Chiang Mai, and at an altitude of around 416 meters above sea level. It has a population of approximately 45,000 inhabitants. In northern dialect it is called Chiang Hai. The city was founded in 1262 by king Mengrai as part of the Lan Na kingdom and became Thai territory in 1786. Among the places of interest are Wat Rong Khun (fig.) and Wat Tham Pah Acha Thong with its phra khi mah bintabaat, as well as the city's most important historical monument, Wat Phra Kaew. In this temple the Emerald Buddha was discovered after its octagonal chedi was struck and damaged by lightning in 1434 thus revealing the statue. The province covers an area of 11,678 kms² and numbers around 1,236,000 inhabitants. Its northern border is formed by the Mae Khong river with Laos on the other side, whilst its western border at the Golden Triangle has Myanmar. It is ...for more order our CDrom...
1. A town at the banks of the Mekong river in northern Thailand, at the border with Laos. To the Northwest is the Shan State of Myanmar and to the North the Laotian province of Bokeo. It was a Lanna principality, founded in 1328 by king Mengrai's nephew Saenphu. In 1804, during the reign of Rama I, the city was conquered by Chao Kawila because it had been a Burmese stronghold for some time. It was consequently deserted and its inhabitants resettled in other Bangkok-allied Lanna cities such as Lampang and Chiang Mai. An ancient legend says that the city was destroyed by an earthquake as punishment for its inhabitants who, when they were starving because they couldn't find food or catch any fish, they ate a sacred naga which they had caught in the river. Today an archeological site still exists and some monuments found here pre-date Chiang ...for more order our CDrom...
2. Thai. Northern Thai art style produced in Chiang Saen during the 12th and 13th centuries AD. Thai for betel-set.
|
-chinese-sign.gif)
_small.jpg)
_small.jpg)
