Sanskrit-Thai. The bodhimanda or exact place underneath the bodhi tree where the Buddha attained Enlightenment and was marked later by a thaen, called Vachara Asana, which is placed in between the bodhi tree and the Buddhagaya Chedi, built by the emperor Asoka. Sanskrit. The mount of a god, e.g. the Garuda is the vahana of the god Vishnu, and Airavata the vahana of Indra. Sanskrit. 'Illumination' or 'sun'. The Javan Adi-Buddha and one of the five jinas or transcendental buddhas from Vajrayana Buddhism. He has a position in the middle of a mandala and makes the gesture of supreme wisdom by holding the right index finger in the left fist whilst the left thumb points upward. His symbols are the wheel and ...for more order our CDrom... Sanskrit. 'Worshippers of Vishnu'. A sect which consider Vishnu to be the main god and whose followers in India can be recognized by an elongated U-shaped sign on their forehead. Sanskrit. The third of the four main Hindu castes (varna) in India consisting of traders, farmers and shepherds. Also Vaisya. Sanskrit. Guardian of the northern direction. In Thai Phra Paisarop and Wetsuwan. See also Kubera.
Vajiravudh (วชิราวุธ) Thai. 'Armed with a vajra'. Name of Rama VI and a designation for the Vedic god Indra. Also Wachirawut. Vajirunhis (วชิรุณหิศ) See Wajirunhit. Sanskrit. 'Scepter, diamond or thunderbolt', suggesting indestructibility. In Vajrayana Buddhism it is the most important symbol and represents absolute truth. In Hinduism the thunderbolt is held by several gods, including Indra. In Thailand Mekala, the god of lightening, holds a thunderbolt ...for more order our CDrom...
Sanskrit. 'Wielder of the vajra'. A representation of the Adi-Buddha usually crowned and with jewels. In Nepal and Tibet he is shown with his female counterpart and in Khmer art he holds a vajra and a bell with the hands crossed in front of his chest. Sanskrit. 'Bearer of the vajra'. A bodhisattva in Vajrayana Buddhism. He holds a vajra in one hand and sometimes also with two lotuses and a bell. In Mahayana Buddhism he is considered, by some, to be Avalokitesvara. Sanskrit. 'Diamond throne'. An asana in both Buddhist and Hindu iconography in which the legs are crossed on top of each other with the feet resting on the opposite thigh, the soles upward.
Sanskrit. 'Someone whose essence is vajra’. A deity who in Vajrayana Buddhism is the principle of purity and purification, and whose role is similar to that of Vajradhara. In Khmer art he holds a vajra against his chest and a bell against his left hip. Sanskrit. 'Diamond vehicle'. A sect of Mahayana Buddhism that started in the 4th century AD and was important in Northeast India from where it spread to Nepal, Tibet and East Asia. It stimulated highly developed ritual veneration practices in which mantras and mandalas were used, yoga was employed and harmony with the universal spirit was aimed for. Also known as Mantrayana. King of the monkeys, son of Indra and brother of Sugriva. His consort is Tara and his son Angada. Author of the Indian epic Ramayana, the 'Story of Rama', written over 2,500 years ago and containing 24,000 verses. MORE ON THIS. Sanskrit. 'Midget'. One of the avatars of the god Vishnu in the form of a midget. Sanskrit. 'Lord of the jungle'. A form of Shiva in Hindu mythology. In Thailand known as Panaspati. Sanskrit. 'Granting of wishes'. One of the most frequent mudras in Hindu and Buddhist iconography in which the hand is held out, the open palm facing forward with the fingers pointing downwards. It indicates the dispensing of favours and occurs with both seated and standing images, generally with the right hand but occasionally with the left (fig.).
Sanskrit. 'Boar'. One of the avatars of the god Vishnu in the form of a boar. A tirthankara and the founder of Jainism who was later bestowed with the title Mahavira. He was born into a royal family, probably in 599 BC, in the same region of North India as the Buddha. He travelled and preached for thirty years and died in 527 BC at the age of 72. varman (วรมัน) Sanskrit-Khmer-Thai. 'Protected by'. A title used by several rulers, especially Khmer kings. varna (वर्ण) Sanskrit. Literally translated varna means 'colour', but its root (vrn) means 'to choose' and it generally refers to a 'caste' or 'class', that is the caste system or classification of closed off social classes in Hinduism which consists of four castes, i.e. the Brahmans, the learned class; Kshatriya, the royal or warrior class; Vaishya, the class of traders; and Shudra, the ...for more order our CDrom... Vedic god of the waters and guardian of the western direction. His vahana or mount is the makara or the crocodile. His consort is Varuni, also known as Madira.
Goddess of wine and the shakti of Varuna. She is also known as Madira. See also Sura. Father of Krishna. Another name for Ananta, king of serpents and nagas. Also known as Shesha. Cambodian or Khmer word for temple. In Thai wat. Vedic god of the wind or air and protector of the northwestern direction. His mount is the antelope. The Thai word for storm (payu) is derived from his name. Also Wayu.
Sanskrit. 'Knowledge'. The term -generally used in the plural- refers to a collection of ancient hymns and verses sacred to Hinduism of which the earliest was written between 1500 and 2000 BC. According to the Arians these texts are revealed by divine revelation and their culture was completely based on them. In total there are four Vedas, i.e. Rig, Sama, ...for more order our CDrom... Thai-Sanskrit. The six Sanskrit dissertations on grammar and rituals. Thai-Sanskrit. 'The end of Veda', that is complete knowledge. The term refers to the fundamental truth as expressed in the Vedas and seen in the light of the teachings as written out in the Upanishads, Sanskrit treatises on philosophy. One of the six great schools of learning of Hindu philosophy. See Veda. Sanskrit. A balustrade enclosing a chaitya or an object of worship. The traditional sculpting of vegetables into shapes or reliefs, usually to adorn banquets. In Thai pak kae salak. If fruit is used it is called ponlamai kae salak in Thai, although one term is often used for both. See also fruit carving. See thetsakahn kin jae. Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie Old-Dutch for the Dutch East India Company. See also V.O.C. Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie Dutch for the Dutch East India Company. See also V.O.C. Pali for Wetsandorn. See Wetsandornchadok. 1. Sankrit for 'tiger'. Also transcribed vyaghra. 2. Commercial name for the medicine sildenafil citrate, a drug used to treat impotence. See victoria regia. Latin. Tropical water plant with giant leaves. Sometimes it bears white flowers that turn pink after being pollinated and perish within twenty-four to forty-eight hours. Also called victoria amazona and giant water lily. In Thai known as bua victoria, but due to its shape also called bua kradong, after a flat round winnowing basket (fig.).
Monument in Bangkok, built to commemorate the 59 victims of the campaign against the French in Indochina, at the beginning of 1939, during the premiership of Field Marshall Phibun Songkram. The monument is decorated with sculptures representing the war heroes from the different military forces (Air Force, Army and Navy), the Thai Royal Police, and the civilian population. The monument is characterised by a fifty meter high obelisk (fig.) and the names of the victims are engraved on a bronze plaque. It was completed and officially inaugurated on 24 June 1940, on the same day as Democracy Monument. In Thai it is called Anusawarih Chai Samora Phum.
viharn (วิหาร) Thai. A word derived from the Sanskrit word vihara and in Thai usually called viharn (vihaan). Initially it was the dwelling place for Buddhist monks. In a Thai temple complex it is the counterpart of the bot, but is distinguished by the absence of bai sema, marker stones that surround a bot. It is also the hall where ...for more order our CDrom...
A powerful kingdom in southern Central India in the 15th and 16th centuries AD, with its capital Hampi. Also an art style from that period and region. Thai. A castle in the air. The abode of angels, paradise. Pronunciation vimahn. 1. Sanskrit. A chariot or cart of the gods. 2. Sanskrit. The towered shrine of Hindu temples in South Indian style. Thai. 'Paradise in the clouds'. A three-storey mansion in European style entirely erected in golden teak wood without the use of a single nail. It was originally constructed in 1868 on the island of Koh Si Chang, off the coast of Chonburi. In 1897 it became a summer palace for king Rama V, after his return from Europe. In 1901 it was relocated to Dusit in Bangkok, where it was the royal residence of king Chulalongkorn, who lived there between 1902 and 1906. In 1935 it was closed down but reopened again in 1982 ...for more order our CDrom...
Sanskrit-Thai. The canonical organ or ecclesiastical doctrine for rules on monastic discipline. It binds the Sangha and is written down in the Vinaya Pitaka or Vinay Pidok, the first part of the Tripitaka. See also Buddhist precepts. Sanskrit. 'Posture of a hero'. An asana often seen in iconography and in which the right foot rests on the left thigh, with the left foot under the right thigh.
See Visakha Bucha. Thai. The annual commemoration of the Phrasut (birth), Enlightenment and the Parinippahn (passing away) of the Buddha. In temples this is commemorated by a candle procession, the singing of mantras and preaching. In Thailand this day is a public holiday (Wan Visakha Bucha) and falls on the 15th day of the waxing moon in the sixth lunar month. This is usually in the second half of ...for more order our CDrom... One of the three prominent gods of Hinduism, preserver of the universe and second god in the
Hindu Trimurti or divine triad that includes Brahma and Shiva. He is
often represented with four
arms, holding a lotus, chakra, conch and a club (fig.), either seated, standing (fig.)
or reclining on the serpent Ananta floating on the cosmic sea (fig.).
He descended to earth in nine different forms or avataras to
restore peace and silence evil forces, namely as a fish, a boar,
a tortoise, the man-lion Narasingha,
the midget Vamana, Balarama, Ramachandra (fig.), Krishna and the Buddha.
Sanskrit for Wetsandorn. Sanskrit. A mudra in which the Buddha holds one or two arms up in front of his chest, bent and with the hand(s) held forward forming a circle with the thumb and index finger. This mudra indicates 'exposition' and refers to education, just as the dhammachakka mudra (fig.), in which the Buddha forms a circle with both hands.
Dutch. Abbreviation for the old-Dutch 'Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie' (or 'Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie' in contemporary Dutch spelling), literally translated as 'United East Indian Company', but usually referred to as the Dutch East India Company. A religious tablet or plaque made to convey a wish or request, or to express the fulfillment of a promise. Compare with pata. See viagra. |
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